Every Time Things Have Evolved Into Turtles

Throughout the history of life, convergent evolution has resulted in all sorts of creatures evolving to look very similar to one another. One of the most interesting examples is the case of the repeatedly evolving turtles – the Placodonts, the Saurosphargids, the Glyptodonts, and even the Ankylosaurs.

Join our Discord server: https://discord.gg/jTsGYtRBHZ
Support us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/bengthomas

Follow us on Instagram: http://bit.ly/1PIEagv

Music by Geographer

Subscribe to explore the wonderful life around you!

Social Media:
Twitter: https://twitter.com/BenGThomas42
Instagram: http://bit.ly/1PIEagv
Subreddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/BenGThomas

Sources:
https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/120/3/281/2684352
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s001140100228
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature14472
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-018-0419-1
https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsbl.2010.0371
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-46762-z
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature07533
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.261.5129.1716
https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2023.1175128
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02724634.1983.10011953
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257701430_Proganochelys_ruchae_n_sp_Chelonien_du_Trias_superieur_de_Thailande
https://sjpp.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s13358-022-00260-4
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02724634.2016.1223685?journalCodeujvp20
https://www.amazon.com/Ancient-Sea-Reptiles-Plesiosaurs-ichthyosaurs/dp/056509534X
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02724634.2011.550368
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-04514-x
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12583-012-0231-z
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/geological-magazine/article/abs/new-species-of-largocephalosaurus-diapsida-saurosphargidae-with-implications-for-the-morphological-diversity-and-phylogeny-of-the-group/02DC9563ADF2E5C2E6EB11285E6D29EA
https://elifesciences.org/articles/83163
https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms2633
https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/185/3/910/5236993
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/joa.12162
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2451.2004.00470.x
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14772019.2018.1535455?journalCodetjsp20
https://archive.org/details/cranialanatomyof45riep
https://archive.org/details/dermalarmorofcya46riep
https://bmcecolevol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12862-021-01835-4
https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(16)00121-4?_returnURLhttps%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS0960982216001214%3Fshowall%3Dtrue
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02988404
https://www.amazon.com/Princeton-Field-Prehistoric-Mammals-Guides/dp/0691156824
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-98449-0_6
https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2009.1144
https://www.amazon.com/Dinosaurs-Concise-Natural-David-Fastovsky/dp/1108469299/refpd_lpo_sccl_1/262-3498201-7548924?pd_rd_wvaxH9&content-idamzn1.sym.efc89c20-c5a9-4620-b6cd-2f4e51bac956&pf_rd_pefc89c20-c5a9-4620-b6cd-2f4e51bac956&pf_rd_rQ5WQHGM9JZJNC8G6Q4S3&pd_rd_wgxI0DT&pd_rd_r22f586ec-5678-424f-9441-2712564118f2&pd_rd_i1108469299&psc1
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jmor.20194
https://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/periodical/ChhQZXJpb2RpY2FsQ0hJTmV3MjAyMzA4MDYSDWpzZHoyMDE2MDIwMDEaCG9qajI0c2dw

0:00 – Introduction
1:03 – Turtle Evolution
9:10 – The Saurosphargids
15:30 – The Placodonts
21:41 – The Glyptodonts
23:59 – The Ankylosaurs

Take the opportunity to connect and share this video with your friends and family if you find it useful.